What impact does agricultural runoff have on water quality?

What impact does agricultural runoff have on water quality?

• A. Improves the nutrient content
• B. Can lead to contamination and eutrophication
• C. Is beneficial for aquatic life
• D. Has no measurable effect

Answer: (B)

Agricultural runoff significantly impacts water quality by introducing excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, into water bodies. This high nutrient load can lead to a process known as eutrophication, where the over-enrichment of water with nutrients promotes the rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants. As these organisms proliferate, they can deplete oxygen levels in the water when they die and decompose, creating "dead zones" where aquatic life struggles to survive due to low oxygen availability. Moreover, the decomposition of algae may also release toxins harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms, further endangering the ecosystem. This understanding forms the basis for why the correct answer highlights the potential for contamination and eutrophication as a consequence of agricultural runoff, illustrating the importance of managing runoff to protect water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

Agricultural runoff significantly impacts water quality by introducing excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, into water bodies. This high nutrient load can lead to a process known as eutrophication, where the over-enrichment of water with nutrients promotes the rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants. As these organisms proliferate, they can deplete oxygen levels in the water when they die and decompose, creating "dead zones" where aquatic life struggles to survive due to low oxygen availability. Moreover, the decomposition of algae may also release toxins harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms, further endangering the ecosystem.

This understanding forms the basis for why the correct answer highlights the potential for contamination and eutrophication as a consequence of agricultural runoff, illustrating the importance of managing runoff to protect water quality and aquatic ecosystems.